42: Luce Lips

In 1956, Clare Boothe Luce was close enough to the Kennedy family that she received a postcard from JFK’s mother, Rose, written when Jackie and John lost a baby. “Pray—please—dear Clare.”1 

But in August of 1970, it was revealed that Henry Luce had voted a decade earlier for Richard Nixon—instead of John F. Kennedy—yet spent the night of the election with Joseph and Rose Kennedy and months later attended JFK’s inaugural.2

In August 1971, an article appeared in the Miami Herald detailing Pawley’s role in Operation TILT, the effort to extract Soviet missile technicians from Cuba and have them state missiles still existed on the island despite the Kennedy administration’s claim that the weapons had been removed. FBI Special Agent in Charge Francis M. Farrell attached the article to his memorandum noting that “Pawley has been of interest to our organization and its predecessor for many years.”3

In 1975, the Washington Star contacted Pawley for follow up to a story that had appeared in City, a short-lived San Francisco publication. City’s story had been co-authored by former FBI agent William Turner and Warren Hinckle, who had been with Ramparts magazine when the publication revealed CIA funding of foundations. The Washington Star story dealt with Operation TILT and reported that Pawley “said yesterday that Life joined the party and paid the commandoes in exchange for exclusive rights to the story.”4

Another account of the tale was published in the spring 1976 issue of Soldier of Fortune magazine. Written by Miguel Acoca, a former Life staff writer, and Robert K. Brown, the publisher of Soldier of Fortune, the exclusive article was titled “The Bayo-Pawley Affair: A Plot to Destroy JFK and Invade Cuba.” It was excerpted from Brown’s 1967 manuscript, Ripped Cloak, Rusty Dagger: JFK, LBJ and the CIA’s Secret War Against Castro. The article included photos taken by Terence Spencer, the Life photographer who accompanied the Bayo-Pawley operation part of the way.

The Soldier of Fortune article asserted that “Operation Red Cross” (a name created by Life) “was a plot to destroy President Kennedy politically, and the CIA played a major role— with “its agents, planes, ships and communications” involved.

Bayo, whose real name was Eduardo Perez, had earlier in the year been involved in a failed attempt “to topple Haiti’s President Francois Duvalier, the hated ‘Papa Doc’” believing that “Haiti was the ideal base for attacks against Cuba.” At one of the first planning meetings, Bayo met with Tony Questa and Ramon Font of Commando L, Mario Fontela of FORDC and “and the boys from DRE.”5 Other Bayo-Pawley planning meetings were attended by INTERPEN’s Frank Fiorini6 and Gerald Patrick Hemming.7

Pawley was interviewed briefly on October 15, 1975 for the Spring 1976 article and stated that he felt that the June 1963 Operation TILT was a “‘one-thousand-in one chance.’”8

As it turned out the odds were not even that good.

When CIA documents were finally declassified decades later they provided details including weapons and points of rendezvous for an operation that was plagued with problems. The radar was out of order and the “operation delayed twenty four hours due to engine trouble Mr. Pawley yacht.” His “Flying Tiger anchored at Point G” had to wait for a replacement part to make emergency repairs. “Bill, States intentions to continue operation independently unless unknown factors exist,” the “Op procedding [sic] as planned X due navigational difficulties involved.” Then there was loss of contact with the and the futile search for the missing TILT team members.9

A memo referring to QDDALE’s May 23 contact with JMWAVE Station Chief Reuteman detailed how John “Martino had tried to talk [Richard] Billings [of Life] out of participating in the Soviet defector operation but Billings had refused to be excused ... This resulted in QDDALE learning that Mr. George P. Hunt, Managing Editor of Life Magazine, planned to be in Miami 23 May” and “Life was willing to pay each of the Soviets $2500 for their story.”10

Richard Billings was not a mere employee. His father, John, had been the first managing editor of Life. Richard was part of the team that purchased the Zapruder film of the JFK assassination. A few years later, he endeared himself to New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison and Tom Bethal who were looking into Oswald’s associates in New Orleans. Months later, Life began questioning Garrison’s integrity.

In the next decade, Billings became the editorial director for G. Robert Blakey who was named chief counsel to the House Select Committee on Assassinations in September 1976. In the book, they co-wrote after the hearings ended, they concluded that Oswald and an unnamed shooter from the Grassy Knoll were part of a conspiracy organized by Carlos Marcello who ran the Southern mafia from New Orleans and had been deported by the Kennedy administration after the “underworld figure, was ruled an undesirable alien.”11

On October 25, 1975, after Pawley was interviewed about TILT, Life magazine’s Clare Boothe Luce called her friend CIA Director William Colby to try to explain how she was able to so very quickly identify Oswald as being pro-Castro. The call took place as Senator Schweiker was reopening the Kennedy
assassination in wake of the Watergate Rockefeller hearings. The entire conversation, transcribed by Barbara Pindar along with her parenthetical notes, offers many insights into the Luce and Pawley mission, their DRE allies and associates, and her spin:

Mrs. Luce: I have a big problem, a case in conscience. I got rather deeply involved during and after the Bay of Pigs, and up to the time of the missile crisis, with a group called the (Directorate Revolutionario Estudiante; Barbara Pindar Note: the spelling of that is just a guess), the DRE. Whether you know this or not, it was me who fed the missile stuff to Keating. I knew a number of these leaders well; they were going in and out of Cuba, and I paid for one of the motor boats. Bill Pawley did too. We thought we were doing another Flying Tiger. The missile crisis came, and I got a telephone call from Allen telling me that the Secrets Act had gone into effect and that henceforth there would be no voluntary American efforts. That ended that, and I don't know what I was doing— maybe I went back to Arizona, or whatever. Then came the assassination. The night of the assassination, right after Oswald was caught, one of my boys telephoned me from New Orleans. Didn't I ever tell you this?

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49: What did Zapruder film?

After filming the fatal head shot to President Kennedy in Frame 313, Abraham Zapruder, standing on the right end of the white wall (just to the right of the Stemmons sign), kept his 8mm camera focused on the limousine as it accelerated down Elm Street in Dallas. 

The Orville Nix film shows Zapruder and his secretary standing on the right end of the wall with the bushy top of a tree a few feet to their left.

 

An overhead view shows the white wall, the picket fence, the parking lot behind it, and the road to the left down which JFK's limousine traveled. A small tree has replaced the taller, bushy pyracantha that stood behind Zapruder and the corner of the wall near the road. 

As Zapruder quickly panned past the opposite end of the wall, a figure becomes visible in Frames 412 and 413, but the unidentified man’s full body is hidden by the bushy leaves of a pyracantha that stands between him and Zapruder. Nearby trees cast shadows from the midday sun that further obscure the man’s facial features. 

While projecting the still frame from a bootleg copy of the Zapruder film on my dining room wall, I traced the above image. I also traveled to the grassy knoll to prove that the obscured image in Zapruder Frame 413 could be photographically recreated by standing atop the short white wall in the same spot where Abraham Zapruder had been. 

Then I sent copies stating "This man wasn't hunting quail on11/22/63" to numerous Senators and Representatives in a personal campaign to stimulate a new JFK assassination investigation. 

On October 13, 1976 Representative Henry B. Gonzalez (D-Texas) wrote thanking me for my effort.

Seconds before Frame 413--while everyone focused on Kennedy coming down Elm Street--the sniper could have been kneeling behind this white wall, a vantage point that would have made the coup de grâce virtually a straight shot at the President as he was traveling closer to him—a profoundly far more perfect shot than one from a downward angle six floors up in the School Book Depository as the President was traveling away from what became known as Oswald’s "Sniper’s Perch.” 

Other researchers, such as Gary Shaw, have long argued that the fatal shot to the head came from the front.

The Nix film captures the corner of the wall where the shooter would have been as demonstrated by Gary Shaw. 

On the morning of the President's arrival, the Dallas Morning News noted that the motorcade would travel through downtown Dallas onto the Stemmons Freeway. The newspaper reported that "the motorcade will move slowly so that crowds can 'get a good closer view' of President Kennedy and his wife. An accompanying diagram showed the path down Elm Street. This gave the crowds and Zapruder reason to be on Elm Street as well as a sniper who wanted to easily hit the target.

After the Warren Commission the path and three shots from the Texas School Book Depository were immortalized in postcards.

Josiah Thompson pointed out in Six Seconds in Dallas, one patrolman soon started running toward the white wall and stockade fence on the grassy knoll.

Former Dallas County Deputy Sheriff, Roger Craig, gave an interview in which he discussed arriving on the scene, seeing the patrolman running toward the fence, what was observed and discovered in the Texas School Book Depository, as well as who told him to keep quiet, and what happened afterwards. 

Sheriff J.E. "Bill" Decker told the police dispatcher at the time of the shooting, "Have my office move all available men out of my office into the railroad yard to try to determine what happened in there and hold everything secure until Homicide and other investigators get there."

The Zapruder film was enhanced by Robert J. Groden before it was aired in March 1975 on ABC-TV’s Good Night America, hosted by Geraldo Rivera. Zapruder Frame 413 also was reproduced in an issue of Rolling Stone magazine. Groden later wrote a book in which the mysterious figure on the grassy knoll was identified by the House Select Committee investigators as “Black Dog Man.” This odd description may have been a result of not realizing that the man was no longer facing the Elm Street—instead turning toward the stockade fence to pass the rifle over the fence and then walk from the crime scene. My interpretation differs in perspective from the indiscernible features of “Black Dog Man.”1 

On October 30, 1976, I phoned Robert J. Groden, who had enhanced the Zapruder film, to discuss Frame 413 in his first book, JFK: The Case for Conspiracy,2 which showed a sketch of the individual facing Elm Street. He told me that Manor Books had approached him about doing the book and then had flopped one photo, cropped another, and used their own illustration much to his dismay. He said those involved in the project then left the company and there was no ad budget available to promote the book.

In 1993, Robert Groden produced a more comprehensive photographic book, The Assassination of a President3 and included a section on “Black Dog Man.” 

This still photo taken by me demonstrates Zapruder’s obscured view in Frame 413 caused by the bushy top of the pyracantha tree when standing on the white wall where he did. My wife is in the center a step away from the stockade fence. Her entire body is hidden by the pyracantha leaves. Only her head and the side of a vehicle on Elm Street can be seen upon closer examination. 

Standing on the wall as Zapruder did, I took this photograph of my 5’3-1/2” wife to demonstrate the height of the stockade fence and how an accomplice in the parking lot on the other side would be virtually unseen. To the left of the corner of the fence is the railroad overpass that the President’s limousine went beneath as it accelerated down Elm Street.

As you can see, a much taller person would be have to be standing behind the picket fence to shoulder the butt of a rifle at a height necessary to hit President Kennedy.

The JFK Assassination Photo Research Galleries website containing 4053 photos and compilations base on films and pictures taken by Zapruder, Nix, Moorman and others. This compilation shows the angle of the fatal headshot from the corner in File 1236. 

 

In defending the Warren Commission findings, the Rockefeller Commission deceptively focused solely on the inability to hide behind the narrow trunk of the pyracantha (photo taken by me) rather than on how its bushy top obscured Zapruder’s view: “An assassin would be unlikely to hide himself behind the barren trunk of a tree only a few inches in diameter...” 

The Rockefeller Commission then quoted the FBI Laboratory’s statement that “Frames 454 through 478 of the Zapruder film were found to reveal no formation ‘identifiable as a human being or an assassin with a rifle or other weapon.”

An unidentified dark figure was photographed walking away from the crime scene area by railroad worker Richard Bothun. He is behind the white wall heading in the direction of the Texas School Book Depository, a considerable distance from where Frame 413 was taken. Bothun's "shadow man" is pictured just above and to the right of the two men sitting on the curb. 

                

Some have pondered why the two men remained sitting on the Elm Street curb while so many others explored the knoll, even running to the picket fence area in the opposite direction from where the "shadow man" was headed.

A number of unidentified people were questioned that day including "three tramps" that a decade later some mistakenly believed looked like Watergate burglars. And an unnamed man was placed in the backseat of a police cruiser.

When Jim Garrison looked into the assassination in the late 1960s, one witness was Mary Moorman who took a Polaroid picture of the crime while looking toward the grassy knoll where the other witness, James Simmons said he saw "a puff of smoke." 

Was the shooter on a mission from Viet Nam seeking revenge for the November 2, 1963 murder of Ngo Dihn Diem? 

Or from the Congo where Patrice Lumumba perished in 1961 after the CIA Director Allen Dulles compared him to Castro and discussed options with Agency personnel Thomas Parrot, Bronson Tweedy, Richard Bissell, Sydney Gottlieb and Lawrence Devlin?  

Or was the hitman sent by the Mafia which had grown impatient with its ability to get casinos in Cuba reopened and angry with Robert Kennedy's crackdown on them in the United States? 

Or was it a pro- or anti-Castro plot fueled with anger at JFK? 

Would his dark features—like over 30% of Cubans—have ruled him out as a suspect in 1963 because President Kennedy had given impetus to the civil rights movement and angered ultra-conservative segregationists in March 1963 by calling “for new measures to protect Negro rights in voting, schools and jobs.”4

No doubt segregationists—like Senator James Eastland who was the Federal official most likely to conduct an investigation of the assassination as an internal security matter, not Chief Justice Earl Warren whom President Johnson named—would have proclaimed the sniper was proof that the civil rights movement was backed by communist enemies of America—a frequent accusation at the time according to an editorial that appeared in the Deseret News one month after the assassination.5

If a pro-Castro Cuban or American was arrested on the grassy knoll, those who proposed Operation Northwoods would have rejoiced, finally having their justification for the U.S. invading Cuba and toppling Castro. Would Castro not realize this?

If the sniper was an anti-Castro exile, a cover-up would have been necessary to distance him from those in the CIA or other agencies that had been in contact with him or his friends. His motive would have been revenge for the lack of air cover that caused the failure at the Bay of Pigs and perhaps his own imprisonment or the death of a beloved parent or relative.

If he had been captured at the Bay of Pigs, how grateful—and owing— would he have felt to those who financially expedited the ransom negotiations that freed him?

If he were among the 300 Cuban exiles working out of Pawley’s office after the Bay of Pigs, would he have been so aroused by the ultra-conservative former Latin American Ambassador’s private and public rhetoric that the exile took the initiative to rid the nation of the president standing in the way of the swift defeat of communism?

Perhaps the mystery man was simply a soldier of fortune recruited from the sugar cane fields or the ranks of the unemployed military by a Milteer-type segregationist or some wealthy conservative who feared that Kennedy had made a pact with the communists that would doom the U.S.

On November 27, 1963, Secret Service agent Paul Landis who was part of the President's motorcade gave a statement for the record to the United States Treasury. He said he believed a shot had come from the front and he "looked along the right side of the road ... the only person I recalled seeing was a negro male in light green slacks and a beige colored shirt running across a grassy section towards some concrete steps and what appeared to be a low stone wall. He was in a bent over position, I did not notice anything in his hands." 

Nearly 60 years later, Landis raised eyebrows (even among the mainstream media) when he revealed that he had found a nearly pristine bullet in JFK's limousine and placed it on his stretcher, putting the Warren Commission's claim that the same bullet found on Connally's stretcher had magically caused multiple wounds to the President and Connally. Landis reasserted that he thought there was a shot from the front which was consistent with Parkland Hospital's Dr. Robert McClelland's 2015 statement that is available at Jefferson Morley's JFK Facts September 15, 2023 substack.

NEXT CHAPTERS:

• 50: Cold War Replay
• 51: Resources
• 52: The Full Doolittle Committee Report (1954)
• 53: Doolittle Committee Bios (1954)
• 54: Updates
• 55: Former U.S. Ambassador Manuel Rocha Arrested i...

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