51: Resources

More Ruthless Than The Enemy content was gathered over four-and-a-half decades as classified documents about William Douglas Pawley’s activities were slowly released from the national archives as a result of. my Freedom of Information Act requests for documents including the Doolittle Committee Report in 1976; Congressional hearings; Presidential directives; and FOIAs by others. Even in June 2023—some six decades after the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis and President Kennedy’s assassination—thousands of documents are still withheld or are heavily redacted purportedly for national security reasons.

I originally posted key information at www.williampawley.blogspot.com which led a number of individuals to share knowledge about their parents’ activities during the 1950s and 60s.

A number of document repositories have been invaluable while preparing this manuscript:

• The National Archives ~ https://www.archives.gov
  The United States National Archives in Washington, DC and College Park, Maryland contain numerous government collections that are vital to researchers. President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection www.archives.gov/research/jfk

• The Mary Ferrell Foundation ~ https://www.maryferrell.org
  Over 1.5 million scanned JFK assassination related CIA, FBI and other government documents are available online. The website also has an invaluable Cryptonym guide and much more. Many Mary Ferrell references cite a page number/total pages which I format as, Page 12 of 97 for example.)

• The National Security Archive ~ https://nsarchive.gwu.edu
  Peter Kornbluh and his staff at George Washington University provide superb resources such as the CIA’s five-volume history of the Bay of Pigs.

• The Black Vault ~ https://www.theblackvault.com
  More than 3,000,000 pages of declassified U.S. Government documents.

• Assassination Archives and Research Center ~ www.aarclibrary.org Founded by Bernard “Bud” Fensterwald and James Lesar, AARC has the most extensive collection of records on the JFK assassination in private hands. The collection has been enhanced by the donation of personal files belonging to several researchers and officials including Richard Popkin, Anthony Summers, Earl Golz, Zachary Sklar, Jim Garrison, and others. AARC holdings include:

1. Fensterwald’s documentary archive collected by his Committee to Investigate Assassinations, Now augmented by materials donated by noted authors and researchers or obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”) and the JFK Assassination Records Collection Act (“JFK Records Act”).
2. More than 2,000 books on assassinations, intelligence agencies, intelligence operations, organized crime, covert activities, narcotics trafficking, and other subjects relevant to the study of political assassinations.
3. More than 100,000 pages of FBI Headquarters files on the assassination of President Kennedy obtained under the FOIA.
4. A 48,000 card index to the files of the FBI’s Dallas field office on the assassination of President Kennedy.
5. In excess of 80,000 pages of records obtained under the FOIA which the FBI made available to the House Select Committee on Assassinations (“HSCA”). This file contains voluminous records pertaining to organized crime figures (Marcello, Trafficante, Roselli, etc.) and to Cuban exile organizations, among other matters.
6. Dozens of file cabinets containing voluminous records pertaining to political assassinations: e.g. newspapers and magazine articles, government documents, trial transcripts, unpublished manuscripts, letters, research notes, and material gathered by critics and researchers, etc.
7. 50,000 pages of the Los Angeles Police Department’s investigation into the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
8. Valuable audio tapes, video tapes, photographs, and movie films regarding the many controversies about recent American political assassinations.

• The George C. Marshall Library in Lexington, Virginia houses invaluable historical documents including the following collection of William Douglas Pawley’s papers and correspondence.

1. William D. Pawley Papers, 1945-1970, .5 lf, 42. William Douglas Pawley (1896-1977) had a long and active business and diplomatic career. He was instrumental in organizing the Flying Tigers, an American volunteer aviation group, for the defense of China in the late 1930s. Following WW II Pawley served as Ambassador to Brazil and Peru and as a special assistant to both Secretaries of State and Defense in the 1950s. The collection consists of official correspondence from GCM, Robert A. Lovett, and Dwight D. Eisenhower, and personal correspondence from GCM and Katherine Tupper Marshall. Also included is a 1974 draft of a book he hoped to publish, Russia is Winning, and several other unpublished writings.
2. Russia Is Winning by William D. Pawley, Former Ambassador, Trouble- Shooter for Presidents (manuscript drafts and edits June 8, 1974, August 11, 1974 and July 1, 1975).

• Newspaper Archive ~ www.newspaperarchive.org

• Google News Archive ~ news.google.com/newspapers

• Miami Herald ~ The publication closest to JMWAVE.

• The Washington Post

• The New York Times

• Chicago Tribune 

• Time

• Life

Unfortunately, some websites no longer exist or have been revised or hacked so the pages cited in footnotes are no longer available, not even through the Internet Archive Way Back Machine ~ web.archive.org.

Recommended Books

Robert Sam Anson, “They've Killed the President!”: The Search for the Murderers of John F. Kennedy (Bantam Books; March 1, 1976)

Michael R. Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963. (New York: HarperCollins, 1991)

Anthony R. Carrozza, William D. Pawley, The Extraordinary Life of the Adventurer, and Diplomat Who Cofounded the Flying Tigers, (Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, Inc. 2012)

Gaeton Fonzi, The Last Investigation. (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1993)
Daniel Ford. Flying Tigers: Claire Chennault and the American Volunteer Group. (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991)

Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (JFK Lancer Productions and Publications. 2006)

E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day. (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1973)

Jefferson Morley, Our Man in Mexico: Winston Scott and the Hidden History of the CIA (University Press of Kansas, March 11, 2008)

Jefferson Morley, Scorpion’s Dance: The President, The Spymaster and Watergate (St. Martin's Press (June 7, 2022)

David Talbot, The Devil’s Chessboard, Allen Dulles, the CIA and the Rise of America’s Secret Government (Harper Perennial; Reprint edition (September 6, 2016)

David Wise & Thomas B. Ross, The Invisible Government (Random House, January 1, 1964)