4: "Businessman Pawley" Named U.S. Ambassador to Peru and Brazil

Upon the death of President Franklin Roosevelt in April 1945, Harry S. Truman ascended to the presidency. In June, he appointed William Douglas Pawley as Ambassador to the South American nation of Peru. Pawley stated that he was chosen because of his decades of familiarity with Latin America, fluency with the Spanish language and because the U.S. “had a very serious problem” with Peru’s unpaid debt of $150 million. A mutually beneficial resolution to the debt problem was desired because Peru was the first Latin American country to side with the U.S. in World War II.1

On November 13th, the State Department’s Fred Lyon telephonically informed FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover that Pawley was in Washington, DC and eager to meet with Hoover before the end of the week. The FBI Director received a memorandum detailing facts about William Douglas Pawley—his marital status; the armed services status of Pawley’s two sons; the location of Pawley’s 6700-square-foot-mansion on Pine Tree Drive in Miami Beach; his friendship with President Truman; and Pawley’s appreciation of the FBI’s August security survey of the Embassy in Lima. Hoover also was advised of the wealthy businessman’s history in Cuba, China and Florida; the fact that he has a private plane and yacht in Lima; and that Pawley “has expressed great respect for the FBI and the Director.” The memo also listed FBI personnel assigned to Peru (all nine names were redacted at the time of declassification) and the Legal Attaché, C.E. McNabb, who at the time was under recall as part of a staff reduction program.2

Internally, Peru’s years of border fights with nearby nations—Colombia, Ecuador, and Chile—had led to the development of a leadership of elites and military who were opposed by the center-left, anti-imperialist American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA). 

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15: Suspicious Minds

In the summer of 1958, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and President Eisenhower became suspicious of Fidel Castro’s true intentions after U.S. sailors from Pawley’s childhood stomping grounds of Guantanamo were seized by Castro forces. This was followed by Raul Castro’s demand for $10,000 from United Fruit. United Fruit representatives were “considerably concerned over the general lawlessness of some of the Castro elements in the area, communist infiltration into the movement and lack of control by Fidel over his errant brother, Raul.” United Fruit’s Vice President of Cuban Operations Raines described President Fulgencio Batista’s “Cuban Army in the area as being completely ineffectual.” As it had successfully done when Guatemala’s Arbenz threatened corporate profits, United Fruit once again looked for President Eisenhower to eliminate this new thorn in Cuba.1

The job of preventing communism’s spread in the Western Hemisphere lay on the shoulders of the Colonel J.C. King who oversaw the CIA’s Western Hemisphere Division. Colonel King, years later, responded to a question from Attorney General Robert Kennedy stating that the Agency concluded Castro was unacceptable to the U.S. politically, as early as June or July 1958. Admiral Arleigh Burke commented that some in the State Department, with the exception of Under Secretary Robert Murphy, still had hopes for Castro being politically compatible in December of that year.

A declassified foreign policy document states that “in late 1958 CIA made two attempts (each approved by the Department of State) to block Castro's ascension to power. The first attempt was made in November 1958 when contact was established with Justo Carrillo and the Montecristi Group. The second attempt was made on or about the 9th of December 1958 when former Ambassador William D. Pawley, backed by the CIA Chief of Station in Havana, and Colonel King, approached Batista and proposed the establishment of a Junta to whom Batista would turn over the reins of government.”2

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30:Bayo, Pawley & CIA TILT Against JFK

Shortly after Groundhog Day of 1963, E. Howard Hunt wrote a memorandum about his conversation over lunch with his close friend, Manuel Artime, the Bay of Pigs invasion Brigade 2506 leader. Artime arrived “with a heavy cold and an appearance of dejection." Artime "and others (presumably San Roman and Oliva) had been guests at a luncheon tendered them the day before by the Robert Kennedys at Hickory Hill." While appreciating the Attorney General’s attention, "Artime was upset by the suggestion that Brigade members should consider "joining the U.S. Army" and "continuing their academic careers" which Artime felt "had little to do with overthrowing Fidel Castro. Artime opined that Mr. Hurwitch of State was profoundly hostile to him, for reasons he could not fathom.”1

Two months later, Hunt and Artime would meet again along with “Manolin Hernandez, his one-time deputy in the MRR,” to celebrate Dorothy Hunt’s birthday at Hunt’s home. Artime, who “was wearing the shoes that he had put into the barracks bag when he last packed it in my operational quarters in Coconut Grove” was going to deliver “a message from Luis Somoza for Attorney General Robert Kennedy” and was scheduled to appear on NBC’s Today Show. He then planned to visit Generalissimo Franco in Spain to request support in getting his parents out of Cuba and into Spain which Hunt thought would be a fruitless because Franco was too busy negotiating the renewal of U.S. air bases in Spain which Pawley had originally negotiated with the country’s fascist leader, Franco.

The discussion then turned to the “capture of 17 raiders at Norman Cay ... the exiles restricted to the Dade County area” and “Pedro Diaz Lanz whom we agreed had for some time been so uncontrollable as to raise serious doubts as to his mental stability.” Diaz Lanz, in a speech on November 3, 1963 accused President Kennedy “of being a commie.”2

Hunt then “asked about Jose Perez San Roman and learned from Artime that Pepe had suffered a mental breakdown, that the Robert Kennedys had rented a home for Pepe, his wife and two children in the McLean area and that Artime had been with them during the day when Mrs. Kennedy had come to the San Roman home and seen Artime. Artime learned that the San Roman children were driven to and from school by the Kennedys. (It turns out that the Kennedy children, my three children, and Pepe's two all attend the same parochial school on MacArthur Blvd., so it is not unlikely that Pepe's children will seek mine out as the only other Spanish-speaking children in the school.)”

Pepe’s breakdown was the result of conflicts in his marriage, the U.S. government’s pressure on him “to persuade the Brigade to enlist in the U.S. Army” and his guilt over allowing the Brigade to be captured. San Roman also resented “that his psychiatric bill was being paid by Miro Cardona, regarding it a way of making him indebted to Miro ... I judged Pepe viewed Miro as a symbol of the CRC.”

Manolin Hernandez let Howard Hunt know that Jose Miro Cardona and Jose Ignacio Rasco (MDC) had queried “as to whether I (“Eduardo”) was still in the U.S.” and that Hernandez had not revealed anything to them. By “2 o’clock in the morning,” Hunt, Artime and Hernandez “had downed a fifth of Scotch and we regrouped in the kitchen where I prepared breakfast for all. Before leaving Artime said he would call me after he had seen the Attorney General.”

During the night, Hernandez had asked Hunt about “‘Colonel Earl Brennan’ ... who was moving through the Cuban exile community looking for dark-skinned Cubans to be used in Haiti against Duvalier” which he claimed was supported by Ambassador David Bruce and the White House. A successful coup would make Haiti a great base for activity against Castro, Brennan claimed. Hunt denied knowledge of Brennan’s role in the OSS but acknowledged “that Dave Bruce had been Chief of our operations in the ETO” (European Theater of Operations in World War II).3

Col. Brennan, in fact, was recruited into the OSS by David Bruce and Allen Dulles and served as Chief/SI (Secret Intelligence) in Italy and Albania4 long before becoming “the registered representative of a Haitian political party, the Parti Nationals” which had met multiple times with the CIA to discuss a coup against “Papa Doc” Duvalier—arriving at a target date in May 1963. Individuals in multiple countries supported the move, and Trujillo’s assassination “resulted in the development of an effectively placed action center in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)” supported by Juan Bosch.5 Brennan’s coup fizzled out and “Papa Doc” remained in power for eight more years when heart disease and diabetes took his life.

On June 28,1963 the CIA Chief of the Western Hemisphere Division revealed to the “Chiefs, Certain Stations and Bases” that Manuel Artime had moved to Nicaragua as leader of operation AMWORLD—the U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy initiative that launched commando raids on Cuba despite President Kennedy’s American University commencement speech.6

Between William Douglas Pawley’s pro-Goldwater speech about the troubling times and John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s speech of hope for the world, Pawley embarked on his second effort to discredit JFK as the President prepared to run for a second term. 

It would take more than a decade before the American public learned about the Bayo-Pawley Affair (aka Operation Red Cross). Documents declassified decades later showed that the project--as it was happening--was known within the CIA as Operation TILT.

In 1976 the Kingsport Times reported that Francis Ford Coppola's City of San Francisco magazine had published an article in which Pawley in Miami “confirmed that in 1963 he navigated his personal yacht to the Cuban coast with a raiding party bent on spiriting two Soviet missile technicians off the Communist island.” Article authors,Warren Hinckle and William Turner, had begun interviewing people about the operation in 1973, including Pawley, Gerry Patrick Hemming and Robert K. Brown whose Soldier of Fortune magazine provided more details complete with many photos of some of those involved in 1976.  

On board Pawley’s Flying Tiger II was a motley crew of CIA agents, armed Cuban exiles, an organized crime associate, John Martino (left in photo), Eddie Bayo (far right) and a Life magazine Miami reporter, Richard Billings who claimed such raids were commonplace and denied Life was financing the project as Pawley asserted. Loren Hall, after reading Hinckle's article called the author and claimed Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana put up money as well as Tampa Mafia head Santos Trafficante who had spent time in Cuban prison with John Martino. Their release was expedited by Rauol (aka Raul) Villamia, a Cuban-born minor league baseball player whose brother Mario had founded Accion Civica Cuban to support Castro by obtaining weapons along with Howard Davis as Castro was mounting his revolution against Batista. Mario convinced Rauol in 1955 to start fundraising in Tampa for Castro's 26th of July Movement which he did until Castro declared himself a communist.7

Although Pawley denied involvement of CIA agents in the actual TILT raid, members of the CIA hierarchy were not only aware of Pawley’s Flying Tiger II mission, but internal documents showed the CIA financed it along with other “angels” and tracked it from the launch through its mysterious failure—and there is no hint that they attempted to prevent him from causing an international incident or from attempting to discredit the sitting president prior to his upcoming re-election campaign. 

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42: Luce Lips

In 1956, Clare Boothe Luce was close enough to the Kennedy family that she received a postcard from JFK’s mother, Rose, written when Jackie and John lost a baby. “Pray—please—dear Clare.”1 

But in August of 1970, it was revealed that Henry Luce had voted a decade earlier for Richard Nixon—instead of John F. Kennedy—yet spent the night of the election with Joseph and Rose Kennedy and months later attended JFK’s inaugural.2

In August 1971, an article appeared in the Miami Herald detailing Pawley’s role in Operation TILT, the effort to extract Soviet missile technicians from Cuba and have them state missiles still existed on the island despite the Kennedy administration’s claim that the weapons had been removed. FBI Special Agent in Charge Francis M. Farrell attached the article to his memorandum noting that “Pawley has been of interest to our organization and its predecessor for many years.”3

In 1975, the Washington Star contacted Pawley for follow up to a story that had appeared in City, a short-lived San Francisco publication. City’s story had been co-authored by former FBI agent William Turner and Warren Hinckle, who had been with Ramparts magazine when the publication revealed CIA funding of foundations. The Washington Star story dealt with Operation TILT and reported that Pawley “said yesterday that Life joined the party and paid the commandoes in exchange for exclusive rights to the story.”4

Another account of the tale was published in the spring 1976 issue of Soldier of Fortune magazine. Written by Miguel Acoca, a former Life staff writer, and Robert K. Brown, the publisher of Soldier of Fortune, the exclusive article was titled “The Bayo-Pawley Affair: A Plot to Destroy JFK and Invade Cuba.” It was excerpted from Brown’s 1967 manuscript, Ripped Cloak, Rusty Dagger: JFK, LBJ and the CIA’s Secret War Against Castro. The article included photos taken by Terence Spencer, the Life photographer who accompanied the Bayo-Pawley operation part of the way.

The Soldier of Fortune article asserted that “Operation Red Cross” (a name created by Life) “was a plot to destroy President Kennedy politically, and the CIA played a major role— with “its agents, planes, ships and communications” involved.

Bayo, whose real name was Eduardo Perez, had earlier in the year been involved in a failed attempt “to topple Haiti’s President Francois Duvalier, the hated ‘Papa Doc’” believing that “Haiti was the ideal base for attacks against Cuba.” At one of the first planning meetings, Bayo met with Tony Questa and Ramon Font of Commando L, Mario Fontela of FORDC and “and the boys from DRE.”5 Other Bayo-Pawley planning meetings were attended by INTERPEN’s Frank Fiorini6 and Gerald Patrick Hemming.7

Pawley was interviewed briefly on October 15, 1975 for the Spring 1976 article and stated that he felt that the June 1963 Operation TILT was a “‘one-thousand-in one chance.’”8

As it turned out the odds were not even that good.

When CIA documents were finally declassified decades later they provided details including weapons and points of rendezvous for an operation that was plagued with problems. The radar was out of order and the “operation delayed twenty four hours due to engine trouble Mr. Pawley yacht.” His “Flying Tiger anchored at Point G” had to wait for a replacement part to make emergency repairs. “Bill, States intentions to continue operation independently unless unknown factors exist,” the “Op procedding [sic] as planned X due navigational difficulties involved.” Then there was loss of contact with the and the futile search for the missing TILT team members.9

A memo referring to QDDALE’s May 23 contact with JMWAVE Station Chief Reuteman detailed how John “Martino had tried to talk [Richard] Billings [of Life] out of participating in the Soviet defector operation but Billings had refused to be excused ... This resulted in QDDALE learning that Mr. George P. Hunt, Managing Editor of Life Magazine, planned to be in Miami 23 May” and “Life was willing to pay each of the Soviets $2500 for their story.”10

Richard Billings was not a mere employee. His father, John, had been the first managing editor of Life. Richard was part of the team that purchased the Zapruder film of the JFK assassination. A few years later, he endeared himself to New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison and Tom Bethal who were looking into Oswald’s associates in New Orleans. Months later, Life began questioning Garrison’s integrity.

In the next decade, Billings became the editorial director for G. Robert Blakey who was named chief counsel to the House Select Committee on Assassinations in September 1976. In the book, they co-wrote after the hearings ended, they concluded that Oswald and an unnamed shooter from the Grassy Knoll were part of a conspiracy organized by Carlos Marcello who ran the Southern mafia from New Orleans and had been deported by the Kennedy administration after the “underworld figure, was ruled an undesirable alien.”11

On October 25, 1975, after Pawley was interviewed about TILT, Life magazine’s Clare Boothe Luce called her friend CIA Director William Colby to try to explain how she was able to so very quickly identify Oswald as being pro-Castro. (Colby had overseen the CIA's covert activities in Italy when Luce was the U.S. Ambassador there two decades earlier and was trying to stop communists from taking over the country.) Luce's 1975 call to Colby took place as Senator Schweiker was reopening the Kennedy
assassination in wake of the Watergate Rockefeller hearings. The entire conversation, transcribed by Barbara Pindar along with her parenthetical notes, offers many insights into the Luce and Pawley mission, their DRE allies and associates, and her spin:

Mrs. Luce: I have a big problem, a case in conscience. I got rather deeply involved during and after the Bay of Pigs, and up to the time of the missile crisis, with a group called the (Directorate Revolutionario Estudiante; Barbara Pindar Note: the spelling of that is just a guess), the DRE. Whether you know this or not, it was me who fed the missile stuff to Keating. I knew a number of these leaders well; they were going in and out of Cuba, and I paid for one of the motor boats. Bill Pawley did too. We thought we were doing another Flying Tiger. The missile crisis came, and I got a telephone call from Allen telling me that the Secrets Act had gone into effect and that henceforth there would be no voluntary American efforts. That ended that, and I don't know what I was doing— maybe I went back to Arizona, or whatever. Then came the assassination. The night of the assassination, right after Oswald was caught, one of my boys telephoned me from New Orleans. Didn't I ever tell you this?

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56: JMWAVE's David Sanchez Morales and William Douglas Pawley

David Sanchez Morales had an extensive working relationship with William Douglas Pawley from at least 1959 into 1963. It was deeply rooted in their anticommunist activities in the Western Hemisphere and their desire to topple Fidel Castro. Both were fluent in Spanish and English, and had been involved in PBSUCCESS, the 1954 overthrow of Arbenz in Guatemala prior to becoming steeped in JMWAVE activities.

 

In December 1958, Pawley had been observing Fidel Castro with suspicion for over a decade and believed there was an eminent danger that the rebel leader would take over Cuba. With President Eisenhower’s blessing, Pawley called on his friend, President Fulgencia Batista, to step aside so an interim government could be established as a buffer against communism gaining a strong foothold on the island just 90 miles from Florida. Batista refused, and, on January 1, 1959, Castro took leadership of the country, dashing the hopes of both former Ambassador to Peru and Brazil Pawley and his long-time friend, Clare Boothe Luce, a former Ambassador to Italy who had hoped to become Ambassador to Cuba.  

 

Soon thereafter, President Eisenhower asked Pawley to take control of the Cuba situation in the same manner Ike had relied upon Pawley to help overthrow Arbenz. In that position Pawley worked alongside the secret-leaking Frank Wisner, author of the CIA manual on assassinations (as Jamie Capildeo pointed out). 

 

Pawley was the perfect person for the new Cuba initiative. As a teenager his nickname was “Cuba”—the result of growing up at Guantanamo Bay Naval Station. Later, he founded Cuban National Airlines. And two-and-a-half decades after that, at Batista’s request, Pawley ran the Havana Bus Company taking tourists to the Mafia casinos run by Meyer Lansky and Santo Trafficante who had given Batista an ongoing cut of casino revenues—more than a million dollars by the time he was forced to flee Cuba. 

 

On April Fool’s Day, 1960, Pawley hosted CIA Director Allen Dulles and others at his Miami waterfront home to discuss next steps in going after Castro. Pawley was very familiar with CIA operations from his 1954 experience in PBSUCCESS and his subsequent scrutinization of the strengths and weaknesses of the CIA as part of the Doolittle Committee which recommended in that the intelligence agency become more ruthless than the enemy.       

 

Several months prior to the official start of the war on Castro, Pawley was given the cryptonym QDDALE by the CIA’s Clandestine Services. Point 3 of a January 29, 1960 CIA memo states that it “would be worthwhile” to monitor “the activities of this group [headed by Silvio Cardenas], and that it could be handled by AMULAR, who is acquainted with QDDALE.” [1]

 

According to MaryFerrell.org, the AMULAR cryptonym: “Most likely candidate is Alberto Diaz-Masvidal Garcia, an attorney with the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington DC between 1960-62. The second most likely candidate is David Morales, who at least twice delivered messages between Cuba to William Pawley (QDDALE) and the CIA station in Miami in 1960.” [2]

 

Giving credence to the speculation that AMULAR is Morales is Point 4 of a March 14, 1960 memo for the record in which R. Reynolds (aka Al Cox, Chief of Paramilitary Branch of Covert Action Staff during Bay of Pigs invasion) states: “I turned over to Pawley a couple of messages from Silvio CARDENAS which Dave Morales brought over from Habana with him.” [3]

 

After feeding Pawley the names of individuals seeking to flee Cuba, Morales set up the ratline to help exiles escape the country; then Pawley, in Miami, vetted the new immigrants to determine who would make the best pro-democracy leaders to muster exiles to overthrow Castro. [4]

 

In a March 3, 1961 letter to Assistant Secretary of State Thomas Mann, Pawley stated “that the best solution would be a ‘junta’ or ‘frente’ made up of leaders of the various political groups. At no time has this seemed more necessary than now.” He offered four names for this role: Manuel Antonio de Varona (aka Tony de Varona), Justo Carillo (sometimes spelled Carrillo}, Antonio Maceo, and Manuel Artime Buesa whom David Morales had exfiltrated from Cuba in November 1959. [5] Artime went on to lead the Bay of Pigs invasion and later became godfather of E. Howard Hunt’s son. [6] 

 

After the failure of at the Bay of Pigs invasion, Pawley worked with the US-based Cuban Families Committee for Liberation of Prisoners of War negotiating the release of the exiles captured by Castro. According to Chapter 23 of Pawley’s unpublished autobiography, Why The Communists are Winning as of 1976…, “I feared that Castro would exploit the release of two men whose families could afford ransom, while their comrades were left behind. I therefore added Nestor Williams to the list, at $25,000 ransom.” [7] Pawley had expressed a similar concern for another black Cuban when he was vetting the names of exile seekers provided by Morales in 1960. 

Pawley was no stranger to using his personal wealth to expedite matters and preferred to financially support individual efforts rather than fund organizations. Reporter Jim Buchanan noted: “Outraged at Castro’s takeover, Pawley sought out a Miami newsman. ‘Find me,’ he said, ‘one man, just one man who can go it alone and get Castro. I’ll pay anything — almost anything.’” [8] 

Years earlier, when Nicaragua was asked to be the front country in the purchase of three P-47 airplanes needed for PBSUCCESS but couldn’t come up with the $150,000, Pawley advanced the money. “I asked my secretary to empty my briefcase. Then I called one of the principal officers of the Riggs Bank in Washington and asked him to have $150,000 in cash ready for me to pick up in thirty minutes.” [9] And in Point 7 of the previously mentioned March 14, 1960 Reynolds’ memo, Pawley stated he was ready to purchase $100,000 in bonds to fund the operations against Castro. 

In the summer of 1963, Pawley used his own 65-foot yacht, Flying Tiger II, in CIA Operation TILT (aka Operation Red Cross aka Bayo-Pawley Affair)—an effort to discredit President Kennedy by proving there were still Soviet missiles in Cuba despite Castro’s claim that they had been removed. TILT involved Eddie Bayo [10] a member of DRE (Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil aka Students' Revolutionary Directorate cryptonym AMSPELL), the same group whose members interacted with Lee Harvey Oswald in New Orleans and quickly spread the word that Oswald was a pro-Communist assassin of JFK. [11] “David Morales was one of the signers of an order authorizing the deployment of the CIA mothership Leda to provide radar surveillance for the Pawley yacht,” wrote Larry Hancock in Someone Would Have Talked. [12]

 

According to a CIA document, if all went as planned, “Commo will exist between PBY (a flying boat), Leda, and Pawley yacht. Once pickup made Pawley yacht returns Hogsty reef for meet with PBY circa 1630 hours 9 June. PBY will then bring Sovs, Cubans, Pawley, Martino, LIFE rep, Cadick and Fortson, back to Miami. Fortson will debrief Soviets in Russian to the extent possible once they on Pawley yacht and PBY.” [13].  Irving Cadick was “William (‘Rip’) Robertson, head of paramilitary operations in Guatemala in 1954 and aide to JMWAVE ops chief David Morales.” [14] Oliver Fortson was Tony Sforza aka Henry Sloman, Frank Stevens, Alfred Sarno and cryptonym AMRYE-1 [15] “Under Morales’ supervision, Sforza took direct charge of the AMOTs,” Chad and Larry noted in this installment of their series about David Morales: https://jfkfacts.substack.com/p/david-morales-deep-dive-pt-3-links

 

Larry Hancock also notes in Someone Would Have Talked that Gerry Patrick Hemming in an interview with author Noel Twyman claimed “‘Pawley, put up some money… It is too bad these guys didn’t use the money for what they got the money for. They went and killed Kennedy with it.” [16] Hemming asserted that he had been skeptical about DRE member Eddie Bayo’s claim about missiles in Cuba and had cautioned Pawley. [17] 

 

Why did Hemming believe Pawley was unwitting about the use of his money for the JFK assassination?  Here’s Hemming’s response to Twyman on page 537 of Bloody Treason: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy, “’This is a guy who deals with the DCI, okay? A former ambassador. And the ultimate occurred. The thing you fear the most. Your people went out and did some shit.’“ [18] Hemming’s explanation is unconvincing to me. 

 

By September 1963, TILT was considered a failure, and Pawley intensified his criticism in the press of JFK in hopes that Barry Goldwater would become President. [19] In Chapter 23 of his autobiography, Pawley expressed his true feelings about JFK. “While continuing to speak with characteristic eloquence about the defense of freedom, Kennedy was engaged in the demolition of the Monroe Doctrine and of the intricate collective security arrangements so carefully pieced together at the Rio, Bogota and other Western Hemispheric conferences. He had transformed the Statue of Liberty from a traditional beacon of freedom, and our country from ‘the world’s best hope’, as Jefferson phrased it, into a buffer for Fidel Castro against his freedom-loving enemies.’” [20]

 

Pawley’s conservatism in 1960 is seen in Point 5 of the Reynolds memo which states: “We talked about Tony Varona. Pawley agrees that he should come out but has some reservations about Varona. He describes him as a ‘big government’ advocate who would not promote private enterprise and who has ‘socialist’ ideas at time.” Point 6: “Pawley hopes to have the names and backgrounds of thirty PM candidates…within a few days.”  PM (paramilitary) exiles were also a focus of David S. Morales. His specific duties were “Spotting, developing, recruiting and handling PM assets in the field as well as directing PM action,” according to page 44 of his personnel file. [21] 

Beyond choosing Cuban leadership and vetting recruits, Pawley was facilitating propaganda against Castro. David Atlee Phillips, the propaganda chief, along with Richard Drain, chief of operations for the invasion, signed an authorization for payment of the February and March bill of $6,120 for marina charges. “WAVE should pay marina thru QDDALE in such way assure QDDALE or marina will pay Gibraltar.” Gibraltar Steamship Company was the operating company fronting for Radio Swan, the CIA’s propaganda station during the Bay of Pigs planning.[22]

According to the Mary Ferrell Foundation, those with a QD cryptonym were part of Pawley’s anti-Castro team: [23]

·     QDDALE (Miami multi-millionaire, William Douglas Pawley, organizer with General Claire Chennault of the WWII Flying Tigers, and manufacturer of the group’s war planes, who long had a variety of business interests in Cuba). 

·     QDELF (Probably Miami newsman Hal Hendrix who advised the CIA on which other reporters could be cultivated to provide CIA-friendly coverage of JMWAVE activities. Hendrix’s Miami News article “Red Terrorism Rules at Havana University” documented the escape from Cuba of Juan Manuel Salvat Roque).[24]

·     QDBIAS (Pedro Luis Diaz Lanz, former head of the Cuban Air Force and a close friend of pilot Frank Fiorini aka Frank Sturgis). [25]

·     QDCOVE (Ricardo de la Lorie, aka Ricardo Luis de la Lorie-Bals, aka Ricardo Lorie Valls, who along with Frank Fiorini and Pedro Luis Diaz had purchased a C-46 plane to support rebel Castro in November 1958. A year later these QD members began dropping anti-Castro propaganda leaflets from planes).  

·     QDCHAR (Jose Marcos Diaz Lanz, brother of QDBIAS. On July 17, 1959, QDCHAR sent a note to Frank Sturgis, the signature of which was verified by QDARBOR and QDALUM). [26] 

·     QDARBOR and QDALUM (Real names unknown. They traveled from Miami to the Havana CIA station to help QDCHAR escape to US). [27] And then Stanley R. Zamka (aka David Sanchez Morales) helped QDCHAR’s entire family escape Cuba. [28] 

 

 

[1] Document Title: KUBARK Contact with Anti-CASTRO Group in Cuba as Proposed by QDDALE (Identity A).

NARA Record Number: 104-10049-10344 https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=27398#relPageId=2

 

[2] Document Title: Meeting with William D. Pawley

NARA Record Number: 104-10265-10080

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=46814#relPageId=2

   

[3] Cryptonym AMULAR

 https://www.maryferrell.org/php/cryptdb.php?id=AMULAR&search=AMULAR

 

[4] Document Title: Unsanitized CIA File of William Pawley.

NARA Record Number: 1993.08.09.17:07:29:370007

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=56245#relPageId=1

 

[5] Letter from William Pawley to Thomas Mann, Assistant Secretary of State, March 3, 1961

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=56245#relPageId=99

 

[6] “Watergate plotter may have a last tale” By Carol J. Williams, Los Angeles Times. March 20, 2007.

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-mar-20-na-hunt20-story.html

 

[7] Pawley, William & Tryon, Richard, Why The Communists are Winning as of 1976…, (unpublished autobiography; GratisBooks website no longer safe to visit), Chapter 23.  

 

[8] “A Swashbuckler in Gray Flannel Suit: Arch-Conservative Left His Mark Around the World.” By Jim Buchanan and Earl DeHart. Miami Herald, January 8, 1977. Page 12-A.

 

[9] Pawley, William & Tryon, Richard, Why The Communists are Winning as of 1976…, (unpublished autobiography; GratisBook website no longer safe to visit), Chapter 18.

 

[10] More Ruthless Than The Enemy, Chapter 30

https://williampawley.blogspot.com/search?q=Bayo

 

[11] Cryptonym: AMSPELL 

https://maryferrell.org/php/cryptdb.php?id=AMSPELL&search=DRE

 

[12] Hancock, Larry, Someone Would Have Talked Documented! The Assassination of JFK and the Conspiracy to Mislead History (JFK Lancer Productions & Publications), page 12  

 

[13] Cable: Op Involving Soviet Defectors Which Mr. William Pawley Has Discussed 

NARA Record Number: 104-10312-10361 https://maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=29002#relPageId=1&search=104-10312-10361

 

[14] Pseudonym: Cadick_Irving

https://maryferrell.org/php/pseudodb.php?id=CADICK_IRVING&search=Cadick

 

[15] Cryptonym: AMRYE-1 

https://www.maryferrell.org/php/cryptdb.php?id=AMRYE-1&search=sforza

 

[16] Hancock, Larry, Someone Would Have Talked Documented! The Assassination of JFK and the Conspiracy to Mislead History (JFK Lancer Productions & Publications), page 338

 

[17] Hinckle, Warren & Turner, William, The Fish Is Red: The Story of the Secret War Against Castro (Harper & Row), pages 167-170. 

 

[18] Twyman, Noel, Bloody Treason: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy (Laurel Publishing), page 537.

 

[19] More Ruthless Than The Enemy, Chapter 35

https://williampawley.blogspot.com/search?q=Goldwater

 

[20] Pawley, William & Tryon, Richard, Why The Communists are Winning as of 1976…, (unpublished autobiography; GratisBooks website no longer safe to visit), Chapter 23.

 

[21] David S. Morales Personnel File. 

NARA Record Number: 104-10222-10019

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=239220

 

[22] Cable: Net Marin Bill For Feb and March Should Be 6120 Dollars 

NARA Record Number: 104-10265-10379

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=43265#relPageId=2

 

[23] Mary Ferrell Foundation CIA Cryptonyms

https://www.maryferrell.org/php/cryptdb.php?bigram=QD

 

[24] Document Title: Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantial (DRE) 

NARA Record Number: 180-10142-10246 https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=38442#relPageId=2

 

[25] Document Title: No Title [Page 3 contains the 30 aliases used by Frank Sturgis] 

NARA Record Number: 124-10226-10290  

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=93734#relPageId=18

 

[26] Document Title: QDCHAR Escape.

NARA Record Number: 104-10167-10132

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=155930#relPageId=2

 

[27] Document Title: Zamka Talked to Wife of Marcos Diaz Lanz Night 

NARA Record Number: 104-10167-10145

https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=36856#relPageId=2&search=ZAMKA

 

[28] Pseudonym: Zamka, Stanley R.

https://www.maryferrell.org/php/pseudodb.php?id=ZAMKA_STANLEY&search=Zamka