38: Anna Chennault's Halloween Surprise
As male baby boomers, like myself, graduated high school in record numbers and faced the possibility of being drafted and sent to Southeast Asia, Americans focused more on the escalating war in Viet Nam than the threat in the Caribbean. And Pawley’s dire warnings about Cuba got less and less ink.
It was a turbulent time in America. On April 4, 1968, civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, was assassinated by another “lone gunman,” James Earl Ray. Riots broke out across America. White flight from the inner cities separated the human race even more. Two months after delivering an eloquent speech calling for calm and reconciliation in the wake of Dr. King’s murder, Presidential candidate, Robert F. Kennedy, was assassinated by yet another loner, Sirhan Sirhan.1
Anna Chennault, widow of the Flying Tiger leader General Claire Chennault, sent a letter of regret that she could not attend the July 22, 1968 event “due to urgent business matter I have to leave for the Far East and Southeast Asia.”2
Anna had served as an advisor to Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on the region. She had developed close relationships with the top tier of the South Vietnam leadership. When President Johnson halted U.S. bombing of the communist North Vietnam, Anna, two days after Halloween, conveyed to a representative of the South Vietnamese government that it should stall the Paris Peace Talks until after Nixon was elected President, promising a better outcome. Anna received Nixon’s instruction from a longtime friend of Pawley and Anna—Chiang Kai-Shek—according to author George J. Veith in 2022.3
Nixon’s aide H.R. Haldeman scribbled a note that showed the collusion. “! Keep Anna Chennault working on SVN” and referencing her interference as a “‘monkey wrench’” in the Democrat’s plan to elect Hubert Humphrey as the next president. Nixon personally contacted Chiang Kai-shek and implored his secretary Rosemarie Woods to contact “her old friend Kung from the China lobby” to add to the pressure to slow the peace talks. Nixon also pressed Bebe Rebozo to get Senator George Smathers involved and wanted to threaten Richard Helms that his job was in danger if he did reveal what he knew about the peace talks.4
When President Johnson became suspicious of Chennault’s involvement, he requested that the Federal Bureau of Investigation place her under surveillance.5
In a conversation on November 11, 1968, President Johnson told Representative Everett Dirksen that “the old China Lobby” was up to no good. “This is treason,” President Johnson asserted. He urged Dirksen to tell Nixon that President Johnson was aware of his and Mrs. Chennault’s activities “contacting a foreign power in the middle of a war ... a damn bad mistake.”6
As a lame duck President, Lyndon Johnson on November 23, 1968, spoke to Senator George Smathers about the possibility of Nixon naming the defeated Democratic candidate, his Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, as UN Ambassador. The transcript of that taped phone call was finally released in 2008. References to Nixon and Humphrey for most of the conversation were in nebulous terms “our friend” and “the other man” because LBJ believed the Soviets were eavesdropping on the White House communications.
After the UN discussion, President Johnson complained, “This bunch of fools who moved in and got the South Vietnam not to go to the [Peace] Conference because of Nixon, they just screwed up everything and it’s taken three or four weeks and I didn't expose it because I just couldn’t use those sources and I didn’t want to make it impossible for him to govern. I think if I had said to the country and had exposed it, brought it out, would have shocked the country so that he would have been seriously hurt. So I just told Hugh and he told Dirksen and he got it back on the track again. But that damn woman is still messing around causing trouble, Mrs. Chennault.”7
Anna Chennault was long active in politics as a head of an organization of Asian Republicans and as a hardline anti-Communist. Her Washington, DC activities ranged from participating in a 1963 panel discussion of Anti-Communist Liaison in which Alexander Rorke spoke of his flight over Cuba with napalm bombs on April 25, 19638 to hosting with Tommy Corcoran at the Hay-Adams Hotel the pre-inaugural National Republican Heritage Groups Council cabinet reception attended by CIA Director William Casey, Secretary of State Caspar Weinberger and other members of the incoming administration of President Reagan on January 18 1981.9
Anna Chennault and Tommy Corcoran were also frequent visitors to the GeorgeTown Club which she founded with South Korean Tongsun Park and Erskine Graves who had been an Assistant Secretary of Defense involved in CIA-related operations. They used it to entertain Congress and Supreme Court members, President Ford and other Washington movers and shakers. In 1977, Tongsun Park was charged with three-dozen “counts of conspiracy, bribery, mail fraud, failure to register as a foreign agent and making illegal political contributions.” He had been involved with officials in the Korean Central Intelligence Agency “to buy support for South Korea in Congress.” Decades later he would also be linked as an unregistered foreign agent “paid at least $2 million by Saddam Hussein's Iraq for lobbying United Nations officials to create the oil-for-food program.”10
During his 1968 campaign, candidate Nixon vowed to bring “peace with honor” in Vietnam and won the election by just 1% of the vote over Hubert Humphrey. It was less than a majority because Alabama Govern George Wallace and his running mate, General Curtis LeMay, as independents captured 13% of the vote.
LeMay, like Pawley, had tried to get JFK to bomb Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and later gained notoriety while discussing North Vietnam when he exhorted Nixon to “bomb them back to the Stone Age.”11 Pawley, on the other hand, simply wanted to replace every 25,000 American troops withdrawn with 25,000 members of his old allies, the Chinese Nationalist armed forces in exile in Taiwan—an idea Chiang Kai-Shek embraced.12
Pawley’s proposal appeared in “A Way out of Vietnam,” an article he wrote in 1969 that appeared in the Washington Report, a publication of the American Security Council (ASC). The ASC was founded in the 1950s by former FBI agent John M. Fisher to root out and defeat communism. He received support from Sears Roebuck, Schick Safety Razor, GE, U.S. Steel and other companies as well as prominent Americans including General LeMay, his longtime friend Clare Boothe Luce, and another Citizens Committee for a Free Cuba member Edward Teller. Former Minnesota Congressman Walter Judd, who had been a medical missionary in China, ran the ASC’s radio broadcast.13
After the November '68 defeat of LBJ’s Vice President, Hubert Humphrey, President Nixon's twenty-nine-year-old Deputy Assistant for Domestic Affairs, Egil Krogh, Jr., received from the FBI a summary biography of the president’s wealthy friend Pawley as well as Henry Bliss (whom Walter Judd had assisted in China) and eight others. The FBI bio read in part: “William Douglas Pawley, was born on September 7, 1896, at Florence, South Carolina, was subject of an applicant-type investigation conducted by the FBI during 1953 and 1954. The results of this investigation were summarized in a communication dated January 5, 1954, a copy of which is attached.” Unbelievably, the FBI summary then stated that its “files reveal no additional pertinent data concerning captioned individual.”14
Nixon was sworn in as President on January 20, 1969. In April, the CIA updated and cross-referenced its files on Pawley and Anti-Castro Activities.15 If he had been considered for an appointment to the new administration, based on his substantial financial contribution to the Nixon campaign, the 72-year-old Pawley must have been disappointed that he was never named Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs.
Instead of setting the world straight during the Nixon Administration, Pawley turned to setting the record straight about his role in the world. Within a month of Krogh reviewing his file, Pawley wrote his friend, General Marshall S. “Pat” Carter in Colorado Springs, to get input for Pawley’s autobiography. Carter, a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, had served as Special Assistant to their late mutual friend, General George C. Marshall. When Marshall became Secretary of Defense in 1950, Carter was named director of Marshall’s Executive Office. Later he served as Commanding General, Army Air Defense Center (1961-62). In March 1962, President Kennedy appointed him as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He then served as the Director of the National Security Agency, the super-secret global data gathering organization, from 1965 until his retirement shortly before Pawley’s letter.
Pawley thanked “Pat” for his “‘self-typed letter’” and declared “you are finally out of the rat race.” Pawley wrote that it would “be some months before we get down to the chapters that will deal with Rio and Bogotá conferences and the China story. I am doing a lot of research in our files on that and am delighted that some of the things we are finding greatly confirm my view that the China debacle cannot be laid exclusively to decisions made by General [George C.] Marshall, as many of my friends over the years have claimed.”
Continuing, Pawley quoted Carter as saying about Marshall “the Old Man taught you more in ten minutes than all the rest of the Army taught you in the previous twenty years.” He then turned his attention to being “very hard on Acheson and the gang that surrounded him, who are responsible for the difficulties we find ourselves in Asia today ... When I was told by Acheson, through Jim Webb, that I could see no paper coming out of the Policy Planning Board, nor any document from the files dealing with the Far East or China, that I could attend no conferences in the Department of State dealing with these matters and that I was prohibited from discussing the matter outside of the Department, I went over to see General Marshall immediately and told him the story.”
Pawley’s “recollection is that after considerable thought, he called you in and asked that I be notified when documents dealing with the Far East and China reached his desk, in order that I could advise him on their contents, and this I did on several occasions.”
Finally Pawley got to the heart of his letter. “I lunched with him [Marshall] at his farm one day and told him that I had found from one of those documents that Jessup was going to the Orient for a meeting with all of the Ambassadors in the Far East. They were to recommend the recognition of Red China and its admission to the United Nations, of which, again, I greatly disapproved and so told him.”
Marshall then suggested a meeting with Jessup, which Pawley arranged that afternoon. “I found myself up against a stone wall.” Pawley, Marshall and Jessup then met on the following Sunday. “I recall distinctly that General Marshall expressed strong views against the recognition of Red China and inviting them into the U.N. Although Jessup was naturally polite to General Marshall, I think I realized (as General Marshall must have) that the die was cast.”
Pawley asserted that “History will record that Jessup’s mission did not result in what had been planned by the Acheson clique, and although I cannot positively attribute their failure to General Marshall’s intervention [possibly at the White House that day], I deeply feel it was he who saved us from this further disaster.” He then told Carter he would appreciate for any recollections “you can recall about the above incidents” while also noting that “Edna and I were terribly sorry that you say you’re not in tip-top form, and particularly the diabetes problem ... a very Happy Christmas and New Year.”16
December was made memorable for Pawley when he was elected President of the China National Aviation Corporation Association at the annual CNAC gathering.17
As a new decade was about to begin and the Viet Nam conflict dragged on, Pawley received a letter from his close ally of many decades, President Chiang Kai-shek. The Chinese letter dated December 25, 1969, came with an English translation thanking Pawley for his “memorandum entitled ‘A Way out of Vietnam’ which I have read with great interest, I found myself in agreement with many of your viewpoints.”
The President of the Republic of China noted that he has long believed “the responsibility for the security of Asia should be borne by Asians themselves. Furthermore, I have never ceased in my belief that, in recovering the Chinese mainland, we shall need the participation of no American combat troops whatsoever, but only moral and logistic support from the United States and other friendly nations.” He concluded by writing that “Madame Chiang joins me in wishing you and Mrs. Pawley a happy and prosperous New Year.”18
In October 1970, Pawley submitted a rough draft of a chapter of his autobiography to the George C. Marshall Research Foundation in Lexington, Virginia, where the entire unpublished manuscript still can be found. The rough chapter “endeavors to cover events that took place in Bogotá in 1948 known as the Bogotázo. As it deals in some length with General Marshall, I thought it would be wise that you have an opportunity to review it because I am sure that you will be covering the Bogotázo in your biography, and I am anxious that there be no discrepancies as to our facts.” He noted that throughout “the book I will be dealing with General Marshall and I will send you the drafts of the chapters as they are finished.”
He enclosed “a copy of a letter that I have written at Pat Carter’s request to Evelyn Mitchell, trustee of the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations.” In his letter to Mitchell in Miami, Pawley informed her that when the Marshall Research Foundation was being built on the V.M.I. campus his resources were “quite limited.” Nonetheless, “I contributed $60,000 toward finishing the building.”
He further elaborated his credentials. “I served on the Advisory Board [of the Marshall Research Foundation] with former Secretary of Defense Robert Lovett and with General Omar Bradley, who recently retired as president and has become Chairman of the Board, in order that Lieutenant General Marshall S. Carter (a close, personal friend of mine for many years) could assume the presidency.”
Pawley went on to write that this is “really a magnificent library and holds all of the Marshall papers.” He pointed out that “The Sarah Mellon Scaife Foundation very generously responded to my request by granting $100,000, which monies have been devoted to the writing of three volumes of General Marshall’s life by eminent historian, Dr. Forrest C. Pogue.” Pawley concluded by stating “I would greatly appreciate any support you may feel justified in giving.19
Dr. Forrest C. Pogue, Executive Director of the George C. Marshall Research Foundation responded a few weeks later. “Only in the last two days have I had the opportunity to look at the chapter, which I found most interesting.”
Pawley undoubtedly was disappointed to learn from Pogue that “General Marshall never got to my questions on the Bogotá Conference. Pat Carter, Jim George, and Dick Walters gave me the picture of the way the General handled himself during the crisis and Mr. Lovett told me of some of the reactions at this end.”20
Despite Kissinger declaring "peace is at hand" in 1972, the war in Southeast Asia raged on with thousands more Americans, Vietnamese, Laotian and Cambodians dying month after month. A few years later, North Vietnamese troops took over Saigon, and the American troops were forced to flee. Nonetheless, Kissinger won a Nobel Peace Prize, while many observers wanted him tried as a war criminal up until his death at age 100 in November 2023.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Lionel Ives on June 5, 1968 stated to David Price Cannon that the Chicago mob often got people like Sirhan Sirhan to do its dirty work by fomenting anger over a policy or a personal disagreement supported by the future victim.
2 CNAC Association Newsletter recapping the China National Aviation Corporation Association and Flying Tiger Convention, Miami, Florida. July 1968.
Anna Chennault’s letter was reprinted in the CNAC newsletter as well as ones from Senators John Tower Herman Talmadge and others.
3 “The Anna Chennault Affair: The South Vietnamese Side of the War’s Greatest Conspiracy Theory.” By George J. Veith, May 9, 2022. The Wilson Center, Washington, DC website.
4 “When a Candidate Conspired With a Foreign Power to Win An Election.” By John A. Farrell. Politico.
August 06, 2017
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/08/06/nixon-vietnam-candidate-conspired-with-foreignpower-win-
election-215461/
5 Church Committee: Volume 6 – Hearings on the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 164.
6 “In Tapes, Johnson Accused Nixon’s Associates of Treason.” The New York Times, December 5, 2008.
“President Johnson Tape Recording, November 2, 1968. Citation No.: 13706, Speaker: Everett Dirksen.” Tape
WH6811.01, Program No.: 6. LBJ Presidential Library, University of Texas.
>> “This is treason” at minute 4:24 of the 10:29 minute tape.
7 “President Johnson Tape Recording, November 23, 1968. Citation No.: 13763, Speaker: George Smathers.” Tape
WH6811.08, Program No.: 3. LBJ Presidential Library, University of Texas.
>> Approximately minute 12:15 of the 14:49 minute tape.
8 NARA 124-90019-101998 ~ 5/22/1963 FBI Report “Alexander Irwin Rorke, Jr.” From: SA Michael H. Farrin.
>> The Anti-Communist Liaison group was chaired by Edward Hunter of Virginia. Among the attendees were
Correspondent Sarah McClendon, columnist Edith Kermit Roosevelt, Major General Charles A. Willoughby (former
intelligence chief for General Douglas MacArthur) and Robert Goldsborough (former staff member, House
Committee on Un-American Activities). During the panel discussion, Rorke told the audience “that his boat, the
Violynn III, was recently seized by British authorities in the Bahamas while loaded with weapons.”
9 David Price Cannon attended the January 18, 1981 Cabinet Reception at the Hay-Adams Hotel as a curious party crasher with a video camera. He shook hands with Anna Chennault, taped her and Tommy Corcoran, and William Casey posed for a video camera shot.
10 “Accusations Against Lobbyist Echo Charges in 70’s Scandal.” By Todd S. Purdum. The New York Times, April 15, 2005.
“Ex Korea-Aide says K.C.I.A. Helped Set Up Club in Washington; Testifies in Lobbing Scandal; Asserts Seoul Provided Collateral for Club to Which Ford and Some Cabinet Officers Belonged.” Richard Halloran, The New York Times, June 23, 1977.
11 “Curtis LeMay,” Atomic Heritage Foundation, In partnership with the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/curtis-lemay
12 William D. Pawley, “A Way Out of Vietnam,” American Security Council Washington Report. December 1,
1969.
>> General Curtis LeMay, Dr. Edward Teller and Pawley’s longtime friend, Clare Boothe Luce, were on the ASC’s
National Strategy Committee.
>> On March 9th, Henry Kissinger thanked Pawley for the article, according to the log of Kissinger files, which
noted that HAK’s letter was thrown out. Henry A. Kissinger Files. LOC-HAK-447-8-1-6.
13 “Anti-Communist Council Prepares ‘Index’ on Congress.” by Wallace Turner, The New York Times, August 10, 1970. Anthony R. Carrozza, William D. Pawley. Page 320.
14 11/18/1969 Summary Biography “William Douglas Pawley.” To: Egil Krogh, Jr., Deputy Assistant to the
President [Nixon] for Domestic Affairs. From: FBI.
>> Pawley’s address was listed as 100 Biscayne Blvd, No. Miami, FLA.
William Douglas Pawley was born on September 7, 1896, at Florence, South Carolina, was subject of an applicant-type investigation conducted by the FBI during 1953 and 1954. The results of this investigation were summarized in a communication dated January 5, 1954, a copy of which is attached.
Our files reveal no additional pertinent data concerning captioned individual.
The fingerprint files of the Identification Division of the FBI contain no arrest data identifiable with captioned individual based upon background information submitted in connection with this name check request.
11/19/1969 Letter. To: Egil Krogh, Jr., Deputy Assistant to the President [Nixon] for Domestic Affairs filed in Pawley file. From: FBI Liaison.
Dear Mr. Krogh:
Reference is made to your name check request concerning Henry Bliss and some other individuals.
The central files of the FBI reveal no pertinent derogatory information concerning the following individuals:
[REDACTED LIST]
The fingerprint files of the Identification Division of the FBI contain no arrest data identifiable with the above individuals based on background information submitted in connection with this name check request with the possible exception of [REDACTED] Attached is a copy of an FBI identification, Record, Number [REDACTED] which may pertain to him.
Enclosed are separate memoranda concerning the following individuals:
William Douglas Pawley
[9 REDACTED NAMES].
15 NARA 1993.08.09.18:02:31:000007 ~ 4/4/1969 “Pawley, William.” Subject: Anti-Castro Activities. Miami, Florida. File no: 105-1742 (field) 109-584 (Bureau).
16 12/15/1969 Letter. To: General Marshall S. Carter, Colorado Springs, Colorado. From: Pawley on letterhead of
the President of Talisman Sugar Corporation, 100 Biscayne Boulevard, North, Miami, Florida. George C. Marshall
Library, Pawley Papers, Box #1, Folder 3.
>>A second address on the letterhead listed Sugar Mill Office, Belle Glade, Florida.
Dear Pat:
Thank you for your ‘self-typed’ letter ... you are finally out of the rat race ...
It will be some months before we get down to the chapters that will deal with Rio and Bogotá conferences and the China story. I am doing a lot of research in our files on that and am delighted that some of the things we are finding greatly confirm my view that the China debacle cannot be laid exclusively to decisions made by General [George C.] Marshall, as many of my friends over the years have claimed ...
You say the Old Man taught you more in ten minutes than all the rest of the Army taught you in the previous twenty years ...
I am going to be very hard on Acheson and the gang that surrounded him, who are responsible for the difficulties we find ourselves in Asia today ... When I was told by Acheson, through Jim Webb, that I could see no paper coming out of the Policy Planning Board, nor any document from the files dealing with the Far East or China, that I could attend no conferences in the Department of State dealing with these matters and that I was prohibited from discussing the matter outside of the Department, I went over to see General Marshall immediately and told him the story.
My recollection is that after considerable thought, he called you in and asked that I be notified when documents dealing with the Far East and China reached his desk, in order that I could advise him on their contents, and this I did on several occasions ...
I lunched with him at his farm one day and told him that I had found from one of those documents that Jessup was going to the Orient for a meeting with all of the Ambassadors in the Far East. They were to recommend the recognition of Red China and its admission to the United Nations, of which, again, I greatly disapproved and so told him.
I recall distinctly that General Marshall expressed strong views against the recognition of Red China and inviting them into the U.N. Although Jessup was naturally polite to General Marshall, I think I realized (as General Marshall must have) that the die was cast ...
History will record that Jessup’s mission did not result in what had been planned by the Acheson clique, and although I cannot positively attribute their failure to General Marshall’s intervention [possibly at the White House that day], I deeply feel it was he who saved us from this further disaster.
Anything that you can recall about the above incidents will be greatly appreciated.
Edna and I were terribly sorry that you say you’re not in tip-top form, and particularly the diabetes problem.
... a very Happy Christmas and New Year ...
Lieutenant General Marshall S. Carter, U.S. Army, Retired (Deceased). Intelligence Knowledge Network website. https://www.ikn.army.mil/apps/MIHOF/biographies/Carter,%20Marshall.pdf
A 1931 graduate of West Point LTG Carter spent the first ten years of his Army career with various antiaircraft artillery units and teaching in West Point’s Department of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. He spent most of World War II in the Logistics Group Operations Division War Department General Staff. After a brief tour in China he was named special representative in Washington for GEN George Marshall Chief of Staff of the Army who was the special envoy in China. In January 1947 Carter became Marshall's special assistant for two years while Marshall was Secretary of State. Between 1943 and 1949 Carter attended six international conferences including the World War II Allied Summit at Cairo and two United Nations General Assemblies. He did brief tours at the American embassy in London as a student at the National War College and as commander of an antiaircraft group in Japan.From 1950 to 1952 LTG Carter served as Director of the Executive Office of the Secretary of Defense under Marshall and his successor. From November 1952 to 1962 Carter held various posts in infantry antiaircraft and air defense units including Chief of Staff of the 8th Army Korea and Commander Army Air Defense Center and School at Fort Bliss Texas. In 1962 he served three years as the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Finally from 1965 to 1969 he was the Director of the National Security Agency. LTG Carter retired from this position.His awards included the Distinguished Service Medal (2 Oak Leaf Clusters) Legion of Merit (1 Oak Leaf Cluster) and Bronze Star.LTG Carter was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1988. He passed away on 18 February 1993.
17 CNAC Association Newsletter, December 1969.
18 1/13/1970 Letter. To: Pawley at Talisman address. From: Ambassador of China Chow Shu-kai, Embassy of the Republic of China, Washington, DC. George C. Marshall Library, Pawley Papers, Box #1, Folder 3.
President Chiang Kai-shek has directed me to transmit to you herewith a Chinese letter, together with an English translation thereof.
_____
Letter to Pawley dated December 24, 1969 from The President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, “Dear Mr. Ambassador [Pawley]: Thank youyou’re (sic) your kind letter of November 12, 1969 together with a copy of your memorandum entitled ‘A Way out of Vietnam’ which I have read with great interest, I found myself in agreement with many of your viewpoints.
Over the past twenty years, it has been my conviction that the responsibility for the security of Asia should be borne by Asians themselves. Furthermore, I have never ceased in my belief that, in recovering the Chinese mainland, we shall need the participation of no American combat troops whatsoever, but only moral and logistic support from the United States and other friendly nations.
Madame Chiang joins me in wishing you and Mrs. Pawley a happy and prosperous New Year. Sincerely yours
19 10/8/1970 Letter and Enclosure. To: Dr. Forrest C. Pogue, Executive Director of the George C. Marshall Research Foundation, Lexington, Virginia. From: William Douglas Pawley at 260 Northeast 17th Terrace, Miami. Marshall Library, Pawley Papers, Box #1, folder 3.
I am enclosing a copy of a letter that I have written at Pat Carter’s request to Evelyn Mitchell, trustee of the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations.
I am also enclosing a rough first draft, not yet finished, of the chapter in my book that endeavors to cover events that took place in Bogotá in 1948 known as the Bogotazo. As it deals in some length with General Marshall, I thought it would be wise that you have an opportunity to review it because I am sure that you will be covering the Bogotazo in your biography, and I am anxious that there be no discrepancies as to our facts ...
P.S. All through the book I will be dealing with General Marshall and I will send you the drafts of the chapters as they are finished.
I served on the Advisory Board [of the Marshall Research Foundation] with former Secretary of Defense Robert Lovett and with General Omar Bradley, who recently retired as president and has become Chairman of the Board, in order that Lieutenant General Marshall S. Carter (a close, personal friend of mine for many years) could assume the presidency.
20 11/3/1970 Letter. To: William Douglas Pawley, Miami. From: Dr. Forrest C. Pogue, Executive Director of the George C. Marshall Research Foundation, Lexington, Virginia. George C. Marshall Library, Pawley Papers, Box #1, folder 3.
... Only in the last two days have I had the opportunity to look at the chapter, which I found most interesting.
Unfortunately, General Marshall never got to my questions on the Bogotá Conference. Pat Carter, Jim George, and Dick Walters gave me the picture of the way the General handled himself during the crisis and Mr. Lovett told me of some of the reactions at this end ...
Labels: Anna Chennault, CIA, CNAC, Corcoran, Curtis LeMay, Flying Tiger, GeorgeTown Club, Helms, LBJ, Pawley, Robert F. Kennedy, Sirhan Sirhan, Smathers, Tongsun Park, Vietnam
posted by David Price Cannon @ 1:54 PM
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